Sauna Insurance UK | Specialist Wellness Broker
Why does a sauna business need specialist insurance treatment?
Saunas have gone from a hotel add-on to a booming standalone business — dedicated sauna studios, wood-fired barrel saunas, mobile units popping up lakeside and at festivals, and "bathhouse" contrast-therapy venues pairing heat with ice baths. It's one of the fastest-growing wellness niches in the UK. But it carries a very particular combination of risks that generalist insurers handle badly: a heat source powerful enough to be a genuine fire hazard, customers exposed to extreme heat with real potential for burns and medical events, shared water systems that can harbour Legionella, and a widespread but mistaken belief among operators that a signed waiver makes them safe. The result is a business that off-the-shelf policies routinely misprice, under-cover, or decline.
This is the territory Miller & Partner works in. As a specialist broker for adverse and hard-to-place risks, we place cover for wellness and leisure businesses the standard market finds awkward — including sauna operators refused cover elsewhere or sold a generic policy that would fail at the first serious claim. This guide explains why fire is the exposure that defines a sauna, why heat injury is the core liability, why a waiver won't protect you, and how to present a sauna business so specialist underwriters price it fairly. Our guides to cold plunge therapy and cryotherapy cover the closest thermal-wellness sisters.
How does The Insurability Framework™ apply to saunas?
Underwriter Intelligence
We know which wellness and leisure markets write saunas, and what drives their terms — heater type and installation, fire compartmentation, high-temperature cut-outs, health screening, water hygiene and supervision. We present that evidence before the underwriter has to ask.
Difficult Risk Expertise
Saunas sit at the awkward intersection of fire risk and bodily-injury risk that many insurers avoid. Our specialist scheme and Lloyd's access reaches the underwriters with genuine appetite — including mobile operators, wood-fired units, and businesses refused elsewhere.
Risk Assessment
We audit the business the way a fire risk assessor and a claimant's solicitor will: heater clearances and cut-outs, fire compartmentation, health screening, Legionella control, supervision and signage — the things that decide both premium and claim outcome.
Claims Advocacy
A sauna claim — a fire, a burn, a collapse in the heat, a Legionella outbreak — is emotive, fast-moving and sometimes serious. When it happens, you deal with a named broker who fights your corner, not a call centre.
Key facts at a glance
- Saunas typically run at 80–105°C, and the heater is a genuine fire hazard — there have been many serious sauna fires in the UK, including venues evacuated and buildings destroyed.
- Insurer fire-safety guidance (RISCAuthority RC50) recommends a sauna be located in a compartment providing at least 60 minutes' fire resistance, with a high-temperature limit switch to isolate the heater if the thermostat fails.
- The core liability exposure is heat injury — burns from the heater and stones, heat exhaustion, fainting and heat-related medical events.
- A signed waiver does not exclude liability for injury caused by your negligence — UK law does not allow it, so waivers are not the protection many operators think.
- Contrast therapy and plunge pools introduce a Legionella and water-hygiene exposure governed by HSE guidance.
- Mobile and barrel saunas add transit, towing, siting and wood-burner risks that a fixed-premises policy never contemplates.
- Standard business policies often underprice or exclude the heat and fire elements, making specialist placement essential.
What must a sauna policy include that a standard policy won't?
Sauna operators are often sold a generic shop, gym or small-business package, and it rarely fits the risk. A standard policy is written for a low-hazard space with ordinary contents — not for a business built around a heat source hot enough to start fires and to injure the people using it. The gaps show up in exactly the places a sauna is most exposed: fire rating around the heater, liability for heat injury, water hygiene, and the mobile and contrast-therapy activities modern operators actually offer. The comparison below shows where a standard policy falls short. Our guide to the closest sister sector, cold plunge therapy insurance, covers the cold side of contrast therapy.
| Exposure | Standard shop / gym policy | Specialist sauna programme |
|---|---|---|
| Heater fire risk | Rated as ordinary property; heater hazard underpriced | Fire cover reflecting heater type, clearances and cut-outs |
| Heat injury & burns | Generic PL; heat/medical exposure not contemplated | Public liability sized for burns and heat-related illness |
| Health-condition risk | Ignored | Cover reflecting screening for cardiac/pregnancy/BP risk |
| Legionella / water hygiene | Not addressed | Cover reflecting plunge-pool and water-system control |
| Mobile / barrel units | Fixed-premises only; transit ignored | Transit, towing, siting and wood-burner cover |
| Business interruption | Basic; single-asset dependence ignored | BI reflecting reliance on one heat-generating asset |
| Contrast / add-on services | Not contemplated | Cover for ice baths, treatments and wellness add-ons |
Why is fire the exposure that defines a sauna business?
If one thing defines sauna insurance, it is fire. A sauna is, by design, a small timber-lined room containing a heater that runs at very high temperature for hours at a time — and that combination has caused many serious fires. UK examples include a private members' club on Pall Mall evacuated when its sauna caught fire, a housing complex in Watford evacuated after a gym sauna fire, and a Highlands activity centre whose sauna was destroyed and building severely smoke-damaged. Wood-burning stoves in outdoor cabins and gas heaters add flue and thermal-protection risks on top of the electrical ones. To a property underwriter, "sauna" is a word that demands scrutiny.
The controls that make a sauna insurable are well established. Insurer-backed guidance — RISCAuthority RC50, "Fire Safety in the Construction and Use of Saunas" — recommends that the sauna sit in a compartment offering at least 60 minutes' fire resistance, that heaters be installed strictly to manufacturer clearances from timber, that a high-temperature limit switch isolates the heater if the thermostat fails, and that electrical installations are periodically inspected and tested by a competent electrician. A distillery-grade fire discipline isn't required, but the fire risk assessment under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 must give the sauna close attention. A business that can evidence these controls is both far safer and far more insurable — the difference between a workable quote and a decline. The wider liability core is covered in our high-risk public liability guide.
Why is heat injury the core public-liability risk?
Beyond fire, the exposure that most often produces a claim is the heat itself acting on the human body. Customers in a sauna face a real risk of burns — from touching the heater or stones, from splashing water, or from falling against hot surfaces — and of heat-related illness: heat exhaustion, dehydration, fainting, and in vulnerable people, cardiac events. A customer who faints in the heat and falls against the heater can suffer catastrophic burns; a customer with an undisclosed heart condition can collapse. These are the serious public-liability claims, and they turn on whether the business assessed and managed the risk properly.
What underwriters want to see is a business that treats heat as the hazard it is: sensible session-time guidance, clear signage, temperature control, guarding or positioning that keeps people away from the hottest surfaces, staff able to respond to someone in difficulty, and — crucially — health screening that flags the customers for whom a sauna is dangerous. A business that manages these well presents a fundamentally more insurable public-liability risk than one that treats the sauna as self-service and assumes adults will look after themselves. Slips on wet, steamy floors sit alongside heat injury as a frequent, and very preventable, source of claims.
From recent placement conversations
Two misconceptions come up on almost every sauna call. The first is fire — an operator who's installed a lovely wood-fired barrel sauna and never considered that the heater is the single most likely thing on the site to cause a serious loss, with no thought to clearances, a high-temperature cut-out or where it sits relative to the building. The second is the waiver. I've lost count of the operators who believe that because every customer ticks a box saying "I understand saunas are hot and use it at my own risk", they're bulletproof. They're not — a waiver can't sign away your duty of care.
The sauna businesses we place best treat fire safety and health screening as their pitch. A properly installed heater with a high-temperature cut-out, a sauna in a fire-resisting compartment, a real health-screening process, trained staff and good signage — hand a specialist wellness underwriter that package and a risk they'd otherwise be nervous about becomes writable at a sensible price. In this trade, the controls you can evidence are the difference between a fair premium and no cover at all.
Why won't a signed waiver protect your sauna business?
This is the single most dangerous misconception in the sauna trade. Operators routinely believe that a signed waiver or "use at your own risk" disclaimer means a customer can't claim if they're injured. UK law says otherwise. Under the Consumer Rights Act 2015 and the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977, a business cannot exclude or restrict its liability for death or personal injury caused by its own negligence. A waiver can record that the customer understood the activity and confirmed they were medically fit — useful evidence — but it cannot sign away your duty of care. If your heater safety, screening, supervision or maintenance falls short and someone is hurt as a result, you are liable, waiver or not.
What this means in practice is that the waiver is a risk-management tool, not a shield. Its real value is in the screening it prompts — confirming the customer isn't pregnant, doesn't have a relevant heart condition, isn't intoxicated, and understands the safe way to use the sauna. That information, and the fact you acted on it, is what actually reduces both the chance of an incident and your exposure if one happens. Relying on the waiver alone, while neglecting the underlying safety and screening, is exactly the posture that turns an incident into a losing claim. This is why your public liability and how you manage the risk matter far more than any signature.
What insurance covers does a sauna business need?
A sauna programme is genuinely combined, and the covers must be structured together so a single incident doesn't fall between sections. The core structure looks like this:
Public liability (heat injury & slips)
The core cover: third-party injury from burns, heat-related illness, collapses and slips. Typically £2m–£5m, higher where clients or venues require it. See high-risk public liability.
Property & fire (heater, cabin, premises)
Buildings, sauna cabins, heaters and contents against fire and damage — the hardest element to place, rated on heater type and fire controls. Insure at proper value to avoid the condition of average.
Employers' liability
Legally required under the Employers' Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act 1969 for any staff or therapists — with real burn and heat exposure of its own. Minimum £5m.
Business interruption
Lost income after a fire or insured event — important given a sauna business's dependence on a single heat-generating asset that can take time to replace. See business interruption insurance.
Products, transit & treatment liability
Products liability for oils, cosmetics and cold-therapy add-ons; goods-in-transit for mobile units; and treatment liability if you offer massage or wellness therapies. For larger operations, directors' & officers' cover applies.
Cover checker: what does your sauna business need?
Select the profile closest to your operation. Tags show what's legally required, essential, or worth considering. Every sauna business should be built individually — this checker maps the starting point. Our guide to high-risk public liability covers the liability core.
- CRITICALPublic liability (£2m–£5m) for burns and heat injury; specialist placement if you've had a previous claim.
- CRITICALProperty & fire rated for the heater and cabin.
- LEGALEmployers' liability (£5m) if you have staff.
- ESSENTIALBusiness interruption for single-asset dependence.
- RECOMMENDEDHealth screening process evidenced to insurers.
- CRITICALGoods in transit & towing — the unit spends time on the road and at pop-up sites.
- CRITICALPublic liability at temporary sites — festivals, lakesides, beaches.
- LEGALEmployers' liability if you use any help.
- ESSENTIALWood-burner & siting controls evidenced.
- ESSENTIALUnit & equipment cover on and off site.
- CRITICALLegionella / water hygiene — plunge pools and cold tubs bring an infection exposure; see cold plunge therapy.
- CRITICALPublic liability covering hot and cold, incl. cold-shock risk.
- LEGALEmployers' liability (£5m).
- ESSENTIALWater treatment & testing regime documented.
- RECOMMENDEDScreening for cardiac/cold-shock risk.
- CRITICALSauna reflected in the venue policy — many gym policies underprice or exclude the sauna.
- CRITICALFire compartmentation around the sauna evidenced.
- LEGALEmployers' liability (£10m).
- ESSENTIALCombined venue & liability — see fitness cover.
- CONSIDERUnsupervised-access controls for members.
- CRITICALPublic liability from day one — a single unit still carries the full heat-injury exposure.
- CRITICALHeater installed with a high-temperature cut-out.
- LEGALEmployers' liability if you employ anyone.
- ESSENTIALProperty & fire for the unit.
- CONSIDERSmall-business structure — see small business insurance.
- CRITICALTreatment liability — massage or wellness therapies add a distinct injury exposure.
- CRITICALPublic liability across sauna and treatments.
- LEGALEmployers' liability (£5m) incl. therapists.
- ESSENTIALProducts liability for oils and cosmetics used or sold.
- CONSIDERPractitioner qualifications evidenced to insurers.
How does a mobile or barrel sauna change your cover?
Mobile and barrel saunas are the engine of the sector's growth — trailer-mounted or transportable units, often wood-fired, popping up at festivals, lakesides, car parks and events. They're a fantastic business model, but they scramble the risk profile of a standard fixed-premises policy. The unit spends time on the road (goods-in-transit and towing exposure), is sited in a different place each time (a new public-liability setting at every pop-up, often near water or crowds), and is frequently wood-fired (a live flame and flue in a portable timber structure). None of that is contemplated by a policy written for a room in a building.
A specialist mobile-sauna programme covers the unit in transit and at temporary sites, reflects the wood-burner and siting risks, and provides public liability that travels with the business rather than being tied to an address. Underwriters will want to see how you choose and set up sites (stable ground, safe distances, supervision), how the wood-burner is managed, and how you handle customers at a pop-up with no fixed facilities. Get those disclosed and controlled, and the mobile model is very insurable; leave them as an afterthought, and you have a fire-and-liability exposure moving around the country uncovered.
Why is Legionella a serious risk for contrast therapy?
The rise of contrast therapy — pairing a hot sauna with a cold plunge or ice bath — has added a water-hygiene exposure that many operators overlook. Standing water in plunge pools, cold tubs and hot tubs, especially when warmed at any point or poorly circulated, can harbour Legionella bacteria, which causes potentially fatal Legionnaires' disease when inhaled as an aerosol. The HSE's Legionella regime (the L8 Approved Code of Practice and HSG274 guidance) places a legal duty on businesses to assess and control that risk — and a Legionella outbreak traced to a poorly maintained plunge pool is both a serious public-liability claim and a regulatory matter.
For insurance, this means a contrast-therapy or bathhouse operation carries an infection-control exposure on top of its heat and cold risks. Underwriters will expect to see a Legionella risk assessment, a written water-treatment and testing regime, proper cleaning and circulation, and records to prove it. A business that runs its water hygiene properly is meeting its legal duty and presenting a much stronger risk; one that treats a plunge pool as a bath to be topped up is carrying a hidden, potentially catastrophic exposure. The cold side of contrast therapy — and its own cold-shock risks — is covered in our cold plunge therapy insurance guide.
How does health screening protect your business?
Health screening is the single most valuable risk control a sauna business has, because it addresses the exposure a waiver cannot: the customer for whom heat is genuinely dangerous. Extreme heat puts real strain on the cardiovascular system, and it can be hazardous for people with heart conditions, high or low blood pressure, during pregnancy, when intoxicated, or in combination with certain medications. A short pre-use screening — confirming the customer has no relevant condition, isn't pregnant, isn't intoxicated, and understands safe use — filters out the highest-risk situations before they happen.
From an insurance perspective, screening does two things. It genuinely reduces the chance of a serious medical incident, and it demonstrates that the business took reasonable care — which is exactly what a court and an insurer look for when a claim is made. A business that screens customers, records it, and acts on the answers is in a far stronger position than one that lets anyone in on a signed disclaimer. Screening, clear signage, sensible session guidance and staff trained to spot someone in difficulty together form the risk-management package that turns a nervous underwriter into a willing one.
Red-flag checklist: would an underwriter worry about your sauna?
Tap each statement that is currently true of your business. These are the things that make a wellness underwriter nervous — the more that light up, the harder (and pricier) your placement becomes. The first two are, on their own, potentially decisive.
Risk assessor: how will an underwriter score your sauna?
What regulations and duties apply to saunas?
A sauna business sits under a mix of fire-safety, health-and-safety and water-hygiene law, and each strand feeds directly into how the risk is underwritten and how a claim is defended.
Fire safety
The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 requires a fire risk assessment that gives the sauna specific attention. Insurer-backed guidance (RISCAuthority RC50) recommends fire-resisting compartmentation, correct heater clearances, a high-temperature limit switch, and periodic electrical inspection by a competent person.
Health & safety
The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 requires the business to protect customers and staff — covering heat management, supervision, signage, ventilation and accident recording, enforced by the HSE or local authority.
Water hygiene & Legionella
Where contrast therapy, plunge pools or hot tubs are offered, the HSE's Legionella regime — the L8 Approved Code of Practice and HSG274 guidance (with HSG282 for spa pools) — places a legal duty to assess and control the Legionella risk.
Consumer law & liability
The Consumer Rights Act 2015 and the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 mean a business cannot exclude liability for death or personal injury caused by its negligence — so waivers cannot replace proper safety and screening.
What drives the cost of sauna insurance?
There is no meaningful "average premium" for a sauna business — the spread between a well-controlled fixed studio and an unstaffed, wood-fired operation with a prior claim is wide. What every operator can do is understand the rating factors and work the ones within their control:
| Rating factor | Why it moves your premium | Mitigation |
|---|---|---|
| Heater type & fire controls | The heater is the biggest fire and injury driver | High-temp cut-out, correct clearances, competent installation |
| Fire compartmentation | Contains a fire and limits total loss | Sauna in a 60-minute fire-resisting compartment |
| Health screening | Filters out the highest-risk customers | Documented screening for cardiac, pregnancy, BP, intoxication |
| Supervision | Unstaffed access raises injury severity | Trained staff, response procedures, session guidance |
| Water hygiene | Plunge pools carry a Legionella exposure | Legionella risk assessment, treatment and testing records |
| Mobile / wood-fired | Transit, siting and live flame add risk | Transit cover, siting controls, flue and wood-burner management |
| Electrical safety | Faulty wiring is a leading ignition cause | Periodic inspection and testing by a competent electrician |
| Signage & guidance | Clear limits reduce heat-injury claims | Session-time, temperature and safe-use signage |
| Sums insured | Underinsurance triggers average on a claim | Insure cabin, heater, premises and contents at true value |
| Add-on services | Treatments and products add liability lines | Qualified practitioners; products and treatment cover |
| Claims history | Prior fire/injury claims reprice cover heavily | Evidence remediation; see our claims history guide |
| Continuity of cover | Lapses and non-renewals are decline red flags | Start renewal early; never let cover gap |
What do real sauna claims look like?
These three fictionalised but market-realistic case studies show how sauna losses actually unfold — and where the decisions made at placement decided the outcome.
Case study 1: The heater fire — £320,000 property & business interruption claim
A wood-fired sauna heater in an outdoor cabin was sited too close to the timber wall and lacked an adequate heat shield. Over time the timber degraded and eventually ignited; the fire destroyed the cabin and spread to an adjoining store, and a staff member suffered minor burns tackling it before the fire service arrived.
The numbers: £180,000 to rebuild the cabin and store, £120,000 in business interruption while the operation was closed, and a £20,000 employers'-liability element for the injured staff member — £320,000 total, met under the property, BI and EL sections.
The lesson: the heater is the single most dangerous thing on a sauna site, and clearances and heat shielding exist precisely to prevent this. The claim was paid, but a proper RC50-standard installation would have prevented the loss entirely — and the business's renewal terms tightened significantly around fire controls afterwards.
Case study 2: The collapse and burn — £140,000 public liability claim
A customer with an undisclosed heart condition stayed in a hot sauna far longer than advised, fainted, and fell against the heater, suffering serious burns as well as the effects of the cardiac event. There had been no health screening, no staff supervision, and only a self-service "use at your own risk" sign — but the customer had signed a waiver on entry.
The numbers: £140,000 in damages and costs for the burns and injury, met under public liability. The waiver did not defeat the claim, because it could not exclude the business's liability for failing to screen, supervise or guard the heater.
The lesson: heat injury is the core liability exposure, and the waiver was no shield. Health screening, supervision and guarding the heater are what actually reduce this risk — and their absence turned a foreseeable incident into a losing claim. The business introduced screening and staffing at renewal to retain cover.
Case study 3: The Legionella outbreak — £95,000 public liability & regulatory claim
A contrast-therapy studio ran a plunge pool that was topped up and warmed but poorly circulated and irregularly treated. A customer developed Legionnaires' disease, and testing traced Legionella bacteria to the pool. A public-liability claim followed, alongside an HSE investigation into the studio's water-hygiene controls.
The numbers: £95,000 covering the customer's illness claim, defence and investigation costs — met under public liability. The HSE also required a full remediation of the water systems.
The lesson: contrast therapy adds a water-hygiene exposure that's easy to overlook and potentially fatal. A Legionella risk assessment and a documented treatment and testing regime are legal duties and the key control. The direct regulatory penalty was uninsurable; the illness claim and defence were met because the studio held proper public liability.
What if your sauna business has been refused cover?
Refusal, non-renewal, or being sold a policy that quietly excludes the sauna are all common in this niche — usually because a generalist took fright at the fire and heat exposure, or exited the class, rather than because the business is badly run. It carries less stigma with specialist markets than operators fear, provided it's handled correctly. Every future proposal asks whether you've been refused cover, and the duty of fair presentation makes the answer permanent, so scattergun applications that rack up declines are the worst approach. The workable path is the one we set out in our guides to insurance for businesses refused cover and business insurance refused elsewhere: disclose everything, evidence your heater fire controls, health screening, water hygiene and supervision, and approach the specialist wellness market through a broker who can frame the risk. If a prior claim is the issue, our guide to business insurance with a claims history explains how competitive terms are rebuilt — present the claim and what changed, once, properly.
How do you manage a serious sauna incident?
Sauna incidents — a fire, a burn, a collapse in the heat, a suspected infection — are managed, and claims are won or lost, in the first hours. This is the sequence we run with clients:
- Get the person to safety and treatment. Remove anyone in difficulty from the heat to a cool area, call emergency services for a burn, collapse or cardiac event, and administer first aid. For a fire, evacuate and call the fire service.
- Make the area safe. Isolate the heater and power, contain any fire only if safe to do so, and prevent other customers entering the affected area — a second casualty during the response is a real risk.
- Preserve the scene and evidence. Once safe, do not disturb the heater or area — insurers and any investigator will need to examine it. Preserve the health-screening record, waiver, maintenance and testing logs.
- Record everything. Times, what happened, who was present, actions taken, and the customer's screening and consent record. In a heat-injury or infection claim, this documentation is your defence.
- Notify your broker the same day. Late notification breaches policy conditions. Your broker triggers notification across public liability, property, business interruption and employers' liability as relevant.
- Report to the authorities. A serious injury may be RIDDOR-reportable to the HSE; a suspected Legionella case must be reported and investigated; a fire involves the fire service and possibly the local authority.
- Control communications. One point of contact; no admissions of liability to the customer, the public or on social media, however sympathetic you feel — statements now surface in the claim later.
- Fix the root cause and evidence it. Whatever the incident reveals — heater safety, screening, supervision, water hygiene — correct it and document the change. It protects the next customer and your next renewal.
About the author — John Miller
John Miller is Director & Principal Broker at Miller & Partner Limited (FS Register FRN 1029698), with over 13 years' specialist commercial insurance experience and direct access to the Lloyd's Market and specialist MGA schemes. John specialises in adverse and hard-to-place risks — including saunas, bathhouses and other wellness venues the standard market misprices or declines — placing fire, public liability, employers' liability and business-interruption cover for operators others have refused. He was previously the #1 Account Executive at Brown & Brown and #1 Salesperson at AXA.
Read more about John · Office: Vivian House, Roman Bridge Close, Mumbles, Swansea SA3 5BG · 01792 001350
Glossary of sauna insurance terms
- Care, custody & control
- The principle that you owe a duty of care to customers on your premises — a duty a waiver cannot remove.
- RC50
- RISCAuthority "Fire Safety in the Construction and Use of Saunas" — the insurer-backed fire-safety guidance for saunas.
- High-temperature limit switch
- A safety cut-out that isolates the sauna heater if the thermostat fails — a key fire control.
- Fire compartmentation
- Constructing the sauna within a fire-resisting compartment (RC50 recommends at least 60 minutes) to contain a fire.
- Heater clearances
- The minimum distances between a sauna heater and combustible timber, specified by the manufacturer to prevent ignition.
- Heat injury
- Injury caused by the sauna environment — burns, heat exhaustion, dehydration, fainting and heat-triggered medical events.
- Health screening
- The pre-use check for conditions (cardiac, pregnancy, blood pressure, intoxication) that make sauna use dangerous.
- Waiver
- A consent form recording the customer understood the activity — useful evidence, but it cannot exclude liability for negligence.
- Contrast therapy
- Alternating heat (sauna) with cold (plunge pool or ice bath) — adding cold-shock and water-hygiene exposures.
- Legionella
- Bacteria that can grow in poorly maintained water systems and cause Legionnaires' disease; controlled under the HSE's L8 regime.
- Public liability (PL)
- Cover for third-party injury and property damage — for a sauna, principally burns, heat illness and slips.
- Employers' liability (EL)
- Legally compulsory cover for injury or illness to employees, including staff exposed to heat and burns.
- Goods in transit
- Cover for a mobile sauna unit and equipment while being transported between sites.
- Business interruption
- Cover for lost income if a fire or insured event stops the sauna operating — important given single-asset dependence.
- Condition of average
- The clause that proportionately reduces a claim where the cabin, heater or premises are underinsured.
- Fair presentation
- The duty under the Insurance Act 2015 to disclose every material circumstance — fire controls, screening, water hygiene, losses and refused cover.
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